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Common Channel Signaling System No. 7

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Overview Common Channel Signaling System No. 7  (i.e.,  SS7  or  C7 ) is a global standard for telecommunications defined by the  International Telecommunication Union  (ITU)  Telecommunication Standardization Sector  (ITU-T). The standard defines the procedures and protocol by which network elements in the public switched telephone network (PSTN) exchange information over a digital signaling network to effect wireless (cellular) and wireline call setup, routing and control. The ITU definition of SS7 allows for national variants such as the  American National Standards Institute  (ANSI) and  Bell Communications Research  (Telcordia Technologies) standards used in North America and the  European Telecommunications Standards Institute  (ETSI) standard used in Europe. The SS7 network and protocol are used for: basic call setup, management, and tear down wireless services such as personal communications services (PCS), wireless roaming, and mobile subscriber authentication local number por
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IWLAN standards and protocol info

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IEEE 802.11i: WLAN Security Standards The standard IEEE 802.11i is designed to provide secured communication of wireless LAN as defined by all the IEEE 802.11 specifications. IEEE 802.11i enhances the WEP (Wireline Equivalent Privacy), a technologies used for many years for the WLAN security, in the areas of encryption, authentication and key management. IEEE 802.11i is based on the Wi-Fi Protected Access(WPA), which is a quick fix of the WEB weaknesses. The IEEE 802.11i has the following key components: 1. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP): a data-confidentiality protocol that was designed to improve the security of products that implemented WEP. TKIP uses a message integrity code called Michael, which enables devices to authenticate that the packets are coming from the claimed source. Also TKIP uses a mixing function to defeat weak-key attacks, which enabled attackers to decrypt traffic. 2. Counter-Mode/CBC-MAC Protocol (CCMP): a data-confidentiality protocol that handles packet
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